Window construction



1952 c. VAN DER PELEN ET AL 2,614,296

WINDOW CONSTRUCTION Filed Dec. 7, 1946 3 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTORS 15 Ce'line. Van fier Pele:

Zeb, E-eudenfierg Oct- 1, 1 c. VAN DER PELEN ET AL 2,614,296

WINDOW CONSTRUCTION Filed Dec. 7, 1946 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Iuvzmoks C'e'lz'ne, VanDer Pelen a: Lab, neudenerg.

74 Anna s! 1952 c. VAN DER PELEN ET AL 2,614,296

WINDOW CONSTRUCTION Filed Dec. 7, 1946 s Sheets-Sheet 5 E315? Hg. 9

" I Invsmons I .Clz'nc, Van DerPe/en a lab fieudenberg.

Patented Oct. 21, 1952 WINDGW CON STRUCTIQN Celine Vandenlielen and LaorFlfBudenhQlg;

Brussels; Belgium- Application December 7, 1946. SerialNo; 714,768

InBelgium January 'ii, 1946 Z-Claims. 1;. The; invention. relates; to, a; window-construction,; and more. particularlyto... a. windows-construction whereirrthe sashesa may: be lifted, and lowered; in: vertical direction andimay be: swung towards the room as well so as:to.facilitate the vcleaningzofthe window-panes.

An. obj ect of :the. presenttinvention is to provide a window construction of above described type wherein bothzsashesz may be swung: through an angle of; 90 'even' if one sash is l behind the other.

Another: object of theinvention is to facilitate the operation: and maintenance of windows of the aboveadescribed type.

A further object of the present invention is to improve onzthe artg of window-constructions as now ordinarily made.

With .the above and other'obj'ects of the invention'imview, the invention consists in th novel construction, arrangement and combination of various devices; elements and'parts, asset forth in the claims hereof, certain embodiments of the same being described in the specification and beingillustrated in the accompanying-drawings forming part of this specification, wherein:

Fig. 1' is a horizontal sectional view of a double casement-window, the sashes of which are arranged for vertical sliding movement and for swinging movement about the vertical axis of their hinges,

Fig. 1a is a horizontal sectional view of another embodiment of a double casement window according to'the invention,

Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view of the window shown in Fig. 1,

Figs. 3 and 4 illustrate-two types of hinges used in the-window of Fig; 1,

Fig. 5 is a perspective'view-ofthe' frame of the window at the side'of the hinges, some partsbeing broken away,

Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the frame of the window at thesideof the locks, some parts being broken away,

Fig. 7 is a front elevational view'illustrating schematically a mechanism for lifting-and, lowering the sashes,

Fig. 8 is a horizontal sectional View of the pivotside-of'thesashesand frame of another embodiment-of a window according to the invention,

Fig; 9 is a horizontal sectional view of the opposite side ofthe sashes and frame of the window shownin Fig. 8, comprising the locking means,

Fig. 10 shows diagrammatically: the lay-outof the sliding part on the pivot-side of the window shown in Fig. 8;

Fig. 11 shows in perspective the rack-pivotand thea'associated settofiball onzthe. pivot-side of the windowshown in Fig. 8., and

Fig; 12 shows a detail of the ball arrangement.

Referring; now: to Figs. 1'-7', 21' generallyindicates the frame. of'the double casement window according to theinvention. Said framezis provided with two recesses of diiTerentwidth-yone'of said recessesis capable of'receiving a sash. 9 of larg width, the other recess iscapable or receiving a sash of small width. Hinges 3 and t are mounted on the same side of the' frame at: side walls'or" said recesses. Said hinges are-arranged in difierent vertical planes and are oflset relative to each other. Fig. 3 illustrates such a hinge: in detail. The leaf' 5 of such a hinge hav-ingavertical' axis is secured tothe sidewall. or such a recess of the frame 2'. The otherl'eaf 6- of such a hinge carries a tongue T'of a dovetailjoi'n-t. Said tongue 1 in 'slidableengagement with acorrespending groove of the dove tairjointarranged in a member S secured to thesash 9 or l-U "respectively.

The tongues i of the dove tail joints extend throughout the entire height of the window frame 2; while the length of the members 8' andthe grooves of'the dove tail joints arranged therein extend merely throughout the height of the sashes Band I fl'respectively;

The arrangement of the parts described above provides for vertical movements of the sashes while avoiding any lateral play; 'Moreover; -the hingessand 4 permit'a swingingmovementof;the sashes 9 and Hi about their vertical axes towards the inside of the room. Owingto the difierent width of the recesses of the frame 2 and the offset or-staggered arrangement-ofsaid hinges 3%and14, both sashes 9 and I0 may be swung through; from the closed position shown; in Fig; 1 into the open position shown in Fig. 5; even if the upper sash 9 (see Fig. 2) is loweredsubstantiallyintoa position behind the lower sashzlfl;

On the side oppositethe hinges s andq tyl'ocking means comprising one or several bolts; such as H, are arranged on. the; side-edges of. the

sashes 9 and ill respectively and'the locking elements of said bolts are of the conventional curved form to permit automatic closingby engagement with grooves of. corresponding shape arranged in the upright l3j0f. the window frame. To open'thesashes 9' and m towardstha inside, around the hinges- 3 andid, it ismerely necessary; to open thelocks andto, draw the sashes towards oneself by means; offa. key,, han

dle or the like.

In order to lift and lower the sashes 9 and l along the vertical guide ways formed by the dove tail Joints I, 8, each sash is connected with a chain, preferably a chain similar to a bicycle chain. Instead of a chain, a cord may be used, or a metallic ribbon, but the chain is to be preferred in order to make crank control easy, as explained in Fig. 7 which shows schematically the disposition of the chains, sprocketwheels and metallic pieces 2| for the movement of the sashes upwardly and downwardly.

Each upright of the frame is provided with two grooves l4 and a recess H. The sash 9 is associated with a pair of chains l5 and the sash I0 is associated with a pair of chains I6. Each chain trained around sprocket wheels |8 mounted on shafts I9 is arranged in such a manner, that the chain passes through said groove I4, extends below the lintel of the window, passes through said recess l1 and extends above the window sill.

The chains passing over these sprocket-wheels can be operated by two sprocket-wheels 29, Fig. 7, provided with a square aperture, for inserting a crank, as for mechanical shutters. These chains can also be moved by means of a cord on cog-wheels, just like shutters of apartments are operated.

Figs. 5 and 6 illustrate the connection between the chain l5 and the sash. The connection between the chain IB and the sash I9 is made in a similar manner.

A metallic piece or sliding body 2| corresponding in shape to the shape of the groove I4, is inserted into each chain and is connected to the ends of the latter (see Figs. 5 and 7). Hinges or guiding elements 22 comprising four sections (Figs. 1, 4 and 5) are connected by a section 23 to the pieces 2|, another section 24 of the hinges is connected to a sash 9 and ID, as shown in Figs. 1 and 5. from their inward position shown in Fig. 1 into an outward position towards the inside of the room, around the dovetailed hinges 3 and 4, the four-section hinges 22 are unfolded as shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, and they are folded (Fig. 1), when the sashes are swung back into their inward or closing position. Thus, each of said hinges or guiding elements 22 guides the associated sash 9 or ID respectively to and from its outward position preventing an undesirable bending effect by the weight of the sash on the vertical pivot of the hinge 3 or 4, respectively.

The four-section hinges may be replaced by a system of compass sliders. The latter however has the disadvantage of projecting beyond the sash, towards the inside of the room, when the window is closed.

The four-section hinges 22 are connected to the pieces 2 I, which must have a sufiicient length for solid fixing, by screwed or soldered tenons. These hinges are fixed to the sashes by means of screws 25 passing through bores of the sections 24.

In order to avoid a jamming of the sashes, preferably a metallic piece 26 similar to the piece 2| is arranged in each chain l5 and H5 at the side of the locking means These pieces 26 are provided with two or several pins 21 which may be engaged with corresponding holes of plates 28 secured to the sashes, Fig. 6, when the window is closed. These pins are not indispensable, but they prevent any overstrain on the dovetailed hinges 3 and 4 during the lifting and lowering of the sashes.

The disposition shown may be applied to win- When the sashes are opened dows with frame and sashes made of metal as well as to windows with frame and sashes made of wood. The operation is easy and does not need any care or maintenance. However, small apertures may be provided in the frame, in order to lubricate, from time to time, the chains. One may also leave device on hinges to facilitate the eventual replacement of a chain.

A modified embodiment of a window of simplified construction is shown in Fig. 1a, in which the corresponding elements are denoted by the same reference numerals.

In this figure, again the sashes 9 and ID are connected with the frame 2 by hinges 3 and 4 with dovetail 1 and the counter dovetail 8. However, the looks [I with bolts l2 are replaced by sliding bars traversed by the bolts of the lock I2. Moreover, the grooves |4 slidably engaged with the metallic pieces 2| are here replaced by simple fixed squares l4, constituting elements of stabilisation. The arrangement of the rollers 8 is here very much the same, except that the system of frame and sprocketwheels is simplified by counter-Weights which move in the recess According to the embodiment shown in Figs. 8-12 the sashes 33 and 34 are connected with the upright 36 of the frame by means of a pivot and a system f ball-bearing racks.

Each sash 33, 34 may be swung about a vertical pivot or rod 35 engaged with a longitudinal bore of the sash. The pivot 35 being substantially of the same height as the upright 36 of the frame is secured to the lintel 4| and sill 42 by means of nuts 40 engaged with threaded portions of the pivot. Each pivot 35 is provided with a series of notches constituting a. rack-like portion of the pivot for a purpose to be described hereinafter.

Furthermore, each sash 33, 34 is provided at its pivot side with a recess receiving a metal casing 3| secured to the sash by screws. Said metal casing comprises a plurality of compartments of circular or square cross-section. A plate 30 carrying a ball-like portion 30 is inserted in each compartment. A spring 3! interposed be tween a Wall of the casing and said plate 30 tends to urge the member 30', 33 outwardly, so that the rounded portion thereof projects from the casing 32. The series of balls 30 is arranged for cooperative engagement with the notches of the rack-portion of the pivot 35. The length of the casing 32 provided with the series of springloaded balls 39 corresponds substantially to the height of the sash. Instead of a casing 32 a solid metal bar having a plurality of recesses receiving the spring loaded balls 30 could be used.

Moreover, each sash 33, 34 is provided at its locking side with another recess receiving a second casing 32 with a series of spring loaded balls 39. The springs 3| tend to urge the balls 30' in locking engagement with recesses arranged in the upright 31 of the frame.

The construction described above, apparently, permits a swinging of the sashes about the pivots 35, as the spring-loaded balls 39 may slide in the notches of the rack-portion of the pivots. Furthermore, the sashes may be lifted and lowered in vertical direction along the pivots or bars 35. During such a lifting or lowering of the sashes, the balls 30 are urged inwardly against the action of their springs 3| until they may snap into the next notch for holding the sash in a predetermined position above the window sill.

This pivoting and ball-bearing rack system can be adapted to wooden frames as well as to metallic ones. However, the racks can be replaced by a system of counterweight cords, chains or endless metallic ribbons, worked by a crank or by a starting spring.

The pivoting system with ball-bearing racks does not need any up-keep.

A practical system, however, is provided for the maintenance of the set of balls. In fact, the sashes may be removed from the frame without any difficulty. The cap 38 which covers the upper threaded end 39 and keeps the pivot 35 in position is unscrewed. The nuts 40 are removed from the lintel 4| and from the sill 42 and the pivot 35 is entirely withdrawn. Thus the sash is disconnected from the upright 36 of the frame. Then the lid 43 holding the casing or bar 32 in position is disengaged from the sash, whereupon the casing or bar with the sets of balls may be withdrawn for an inspection of the balls, which may be greased, if necessary, before the parts are reassembled.

It is evident that the invention is not restricted to the embodiments described and shown and that many alterations may be made as to the shape, the size, the arrangement and the number of parts described and shown without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention set forth in the appended claims.

Having now fully described our said invention, what we claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

1. A window construction comprising: a frame including two upright portions, at least two sashes movable relative to said frame, said sashes being arranged in different planes and being of different width, a first hinge connecting one side of the first sash with one of said upright portions of the frame, a second hinge connecting one side of the second sash with the same upright portion of the frame, each of said hinges including sliding means for lifting and lowering said sashes and including pivots for swinging said sashes about a vertical axis, the pivots of said two hinges being offset relative to each other for a distance in excess of the thickness of the sash and sufficient to permit swinging of both sashes from a normal inward position into an outward position through an angle of at least a first guiding element connected with said first sash near said first hinge connection, a first sliding body connected with said first guiding element, a second guiding element connected with said second sash near said second hinge connection, a second sliding body connected with said second guiding element, said upright portion of the frame having a first vertical groove slidably receiving said first sliding body and having a second vertical groove slidably receiving said second sliding body, each of said guiding elements being operable to guide the associated sash to and from its outward position, flexible actuating means connected with said sliding bodies, and locking means arranged at the other side of each of said sashes for cooperation with the other upright portion of the frame so as to lock and unlock said sashes.

2. In a window construction as claimed in I claim 1, said guiding elements being in the shape of multi-section hinges.

CELINE VAN DER PELEN. LEO FREUDENBERG.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are or record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 895,402 Hill Aug. 4, 1908 970,980 Biel Sept. 20', 1910 981,022 Sondergard Jan. 10, 1911 1,100,342 Barnum June 16, 1914 1,531,207 Miller Mar. 24, 1925 2,057,815 Boehm Oct. 20, 1936 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 8,662 France 1894 10,189 Great Britain 1894 17,381 Great Britain 1889 195,978 Great Britain Aug. 16, 1923 462,389 France 1913 505,257 Germany 1930 664,329 France 1929 759,730 France 1933 

